{"id":8238,"date":"2023-11-13T13:20:47","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T13:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/?p=8238"},"modified":"2026-01-09T17:36:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T17:36:12","slug":"reporting-verbs-czasowniki-mowy-zaleznej-w-jezyku-angielskim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/reporting-verbs-czasowniki-mowy-zaleznej-w-jezyku-angielskim\/","title":{"rendered":"Reporting Verbs &#8211; czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej w j\u0119zyku angielskim"},"content":{"rendered":"  <section class=\"section blogHeader\" id=\"blogHeader-block_c5217bc1ceddcb66bc7000bba09fcd21\">\n      <div class=\"blogHeader__wrapper\">\n                              <div class=\"blogHeader__image\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/reporting-verbs.jpg\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/reporting-verbs.jpg\" alt=\"Reporting Verbs - czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej w j\u0119zyku angielskim\" class=\"blogHeader__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/reporting-verbs-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/reporting-verbs-768x460.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/reporting-verbs.jpg 1024w\" style=\"width:100%; aspect-ratio:1024\/613;\"> \n              <\/a>\n          <\/div>\n          \n      <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n      <section class=\"blogContentTable\" data-toc-section>\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__toggle\" \/>\n        <label for=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__header\">\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__heading\">\n                Spis tre\u015bci            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__arrow\"><\/span>\n        <\/label>\n        <div class=\"blogContentTable__wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"blogContentTable__heading blogContentTable__heading--sidebar\">\n                Spis tre\u015bci            <\/div>\n            <ol class=\"blogContentTable__list\">\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Reporting verbs w j\u0119zyku angielskim<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czym jest forma gerund?<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + przyimek + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + przyimek + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + bezokolicznik (prosty)<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + bezokolicznik<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + that (klauzula dope\u0142nienia)<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + that (klauzula uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105ca)<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + (that) + czasownik w trybie \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cym lub that&#8230;should<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + inna klauzula dope\u0142nienia<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + klauzula if \/ whether<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czasownik + pytanie wbudowane<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Podsumowanie i wnioski<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                            <\/ol>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <script>\n        \/\/ Use DOMContentLoaded for faster TOC initialization\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n            const tocSection = document.querySelector('[data-toc-section]');\n            if (!tocSection) return;\n\n            const headings = document.querySelectorAll('.blogHeadingText');\n            const tableContainer = tocSection.querySelector('.blogContentTable__list');\n            if (!tableContainer) return;\n\n            \/\/ Clear the container\n            tableContainer.innerHTML = '';\n\n            \/\/ Count valid headings with h2\n            let validHeadingsCount = 0;\n\n            \/\/ For each heading, create an item in the table of contents\n            headings.forEach((heading, index) => {\n                const h2 = heading.querySelector('h2');\n                if (!h2) return;\n\n                validHeadingsCount++;\n                const title = h2.textContent.trim();\n                const itemHtml = `<li><a href=\"#${heading.id}\">${title}<\/a><\/li>`;\n                tableContainer.innerHTML += itemHtml;\n            });\n\n            \/\/ Hide TOC if no valid headings found\n            if (validHeadingsCount === 0) {\n                tocSection.style.display = 'none';\n            }\n            \n            \/\/ Dispatch custom event to notify that TOC is ready\n            document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tocReady'));\n        });\n    <\/script>\n  \n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogText\" id=\"blogText-block_1be514ef223af25d037383a19966a65b\">\n    <div class=\"blogText__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"blogText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej, znane tak\u017ce jako reporting verbs, umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105 przekazanie s\u0142\u00f3w innej osoby nie tylko przez bezpo\u015brednie cytowanie, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c poprzez parafraz\u0119, czyli tzw. mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jest to specjalna grupa czasownik\u00f3w w j\u0119zyku angielskim, kt\u00f3rej zastosowanie wykracza poza proste 'say&#8217; i 'tell&#8217;, umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105c przekazanie mowy zale\u017cnej z zachowaniem subtelnych niuans\u00f3w intencji oryginalnego m\u00f3wcy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Reporting verbs przybieraj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne konstrukcje \u2014 mog\u0105 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 samodzielnie, z dope\u0142nieniami lub gerundami, a tak\u017ce w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z przyimkami, co pozwala na tworzenie wielowarstwowych, bogatych w tre\u015b\u0107 wypowiedzi, kt\u00f3re dok\u0142adnie oddaj\u0105 sens oryginalnych zda\u0144.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Reporting verbs to niezast\u0105pione narz\u0119dzia, kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 na wyra\u017cenie czyich\u015b wypowiedzi, opinii, lub uczu\u0107 bez konieczno\u015bci stosowania dos\u0142ownych cytat\u00f3w. Dowiedz si\u0119 wi\u0119cej o tym zagadnieniu z angielskiej gramatyki i poznaj najwa\u017cniejsze reported verbs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_61b5bfbe7b3ba7c990a4ea7a5f9c6ea2\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_61b5bfbe7b3ba7c990a4ea7a5f9c6ea2\">\n                Reporting verbs w j\u0119zyku angielskim            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Reporting verbs to czasowniki, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przekazywania wypowiedzi lub my\u015bli innej osoby. W j\u0119zyku angielskim istnieje wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych czasownik\u00f3w mowy zale\u017cnej, ale mo\u017cna je podzieli\u0107 na kilka g\u0142\u00f3wnych kategorii:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Czasowniki m\u00f3wi\u0105ce, <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">takie jak say, tell, ask, inform, report, announce, declare, state, explain, describe, recount. Czasowniki te s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przekazywania dok\u0142adnej tre\u015bci wypowiedzi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Czasowniki sugeruj\u0105ce<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><strong>,<\/strong> takie jak suggest, imply, hint, hint at, indicate, conclude, infer. Czasowniki te s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przekazywania wypowiedzi, kt\u00f3re nie s\u0105 wyra\u017cane wprost.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Czasowniki oceniaj\u0105ce, <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">takie jak admit, deny, agree, disagree, believe, think, consider, reckon, suppose, imagine. Czasowniki te s\u0105 u\u017cywane do przekazywania wypowiedzi, kt\u00f3re wyra\u017caj\u0105 opini\u0119 lub przekonanie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Czasowniki informacyjne<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> s\u0105 cz\u0119sto u\u017cywane w zdaniach z\u0142o\u017conych w<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/mowa-zalezna-w-jezyku-angielskim\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">reported speech &#8211; mowie zale\u017cnej<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">, w kt\u00f3rych wyst\u0119puje podmiot, czasownik informacyjny i wyra\u017cenie zale\u017cne. Wyra\u017cenie zale\u017cne mo\u017ce by\u0107 w formie bezokolicznika, gerundium lub zdania.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Po niekt\u00f3rych czasownikach informacyjnych wyst\u0119puje przyimek. Przyimek ten wskazuje, w jaki spos\u00f3b podmiot zdania g\u0142\u00f3wnego odnosi si\u0119 do wypowiedzi lub my\u015bli innej osoby. Na przyk\u0142ad, 'laugh at&#8217; wskazuje na to, \u017ce m\u00f3wi\u0105cy odnosi si\u0119 z pewnego rodzaju lekcewa\u017ceniem lub dystansem do tego, co zosta\u0142o powiedziane.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasownik informacyjny powinien by\u0107 zgodny z czasem gramatycznym wyra\u017cenia zale\u017cnego, co oznacza, \u017ce je\u015bli oryginalna wypowied\u017a by\u0142a w czasie przesz\u0142ym, czasownik informacyjny r\u00f3wnie\u017c powinien zosta\u0107 u\u017cyty w formie przesz\u0142ej.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Aby stworzy\u0107 przeczenie zdania z czasownikiem informacyjnym, nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 s\u0142\u00f3wka 'not&#8217; przed czasownikiem informacyjnym, na przyk\u0142ad:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He did not admit to the mistake. &#8211; oznacza, \u017ce osoba nie przyzna\u0142a si\u0119 do b\u0142\u0119du.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Aby stworzy\u0107 pytanie zdania z czasownikiem informacyjnym, nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 s\u0142\u00f3wka 'did&#8217; przed podmiotem zdania g\u0142\u00f3wnego, co w praktyce wygl\u0105da tak:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Did she say she was leaving? \u2013 Czy ona powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce wychodzi?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki informacyjne mog\u0105 by\u0107 u\u017cywane w r\u00f3\u017cnych kontekstach. Mog\u0105 by\u0107 u\u017cywane do przekazywania wypowiedzi lub my\u015bli innej osoby w narracji, dialogu lub w formacie formalnym, co sprawia, \u017ce s\u0105 niezwykle wa\u017cne w komunikacji pisemnej i ustnej.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_5b16ffeec600ac08e8fa238f1178c687\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_5b16ffeec600ac08e8fa238f1178c687\">\n                Czym jest forma gerund?            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Forma gerund w j\u0119zyku angielskim to czasownik z ko\u0144c\u00f3wk\u0105 -ing, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce pe\u0142ni\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne funkcje gramatyczne. Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 kilku przyk\u0142adom:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jako podmiot zdania:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>Swimming is my favorite sport.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (P\u0142ywanie to m\u00f3j ulubiony sport.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jako dope\u0142nienie rzeczownika:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>I enjoy swimming.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (Lubi\u0119 p\u0142ywa\u0107.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jako dope\u0142nienie przyimka:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>I&#8217;m tired of working.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (Mam do\u015b\u0107 pracy.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jako dope\u0142nienie czasownika:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>I stopped smoking.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (Przesta\u0142em pali\u0107.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Jako dope\u0142nienie rzeczownika z\u0142o\u017conego:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><strong>I&#8217;m a swimming instructor.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (Jestem instruktorem p\u0142ywania.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Forma gerund mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cywana w formie czasownika w czasie przesz\u0142ym, zwanym perfect gerund. Perfect gerund jest tworzony przez dodanie do czasownika -ing ko\u0144c\u00f3wki -ed lub -en, co pozwala na wyra\u017cenie czynno\u015bci wykonanej w przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady z perfect gerund:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>I regretted having eaten too much.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (\u017ba\u0142owa\u0142em, \u017ce zjad\u0142em za du\u017co.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>I&#8217;m tired of having to do all the work.<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> (Mam do\u015b\u0107 tego, \u017ce musz\u0119 wykonywa\u0107 ca\u0142\u0105 prac\u0119.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Znajomo\u015b\u0107 formy gerund jest niezb\u0119dna, poniewa\u017c jest ona szeroko stosowana w j\u0119zyku angielskim, zar\u00f3wno w mowie potocznej, jak i w bardziej formalnych kontekstach. Daje to j\u0119zykowi elastyczno\u015b\u0107 i pozwala na tworzenie wyra\u017ce\u0144 odzwierciedlaj\u0105cych z\u0142o\u017cone sytuacje i uczucia.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_561df2d36d0e7630237ee2fe975a73b7\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_561df2d36d0e7630237ee2fe975a73b7\">\n                Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki w j\u0119zyku angielskim mog\u0105 przyjmowa\u0107 zar\u00f3wno form\u0119 dope\u0142nienia bezpo\u015bredniego, jak i odczasownikowych form dope\u0142nienia bezpo\u015bredniego (gerund).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Na przyk\u0142ad, czasownik 'find out&#8217; jest uznawany za potoczny, a w stylu bardziej formalnym preferowane s\u0105 czasowniki takie jak 'ascertain&#8217; lub 'determine&#8217;. Wyra\u017cenie 'ascertain the truth&#8217; (ustali\u0107 prawd\u0119) brzmi bardziej formalnie ni\u017c 'find out the truth&#8217;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Z kolei czasownik 'support&#8217; wymaga bezpo\u015bredniego obiektu i nie jest poprawny w konstrukcji 'support that&#8230;&#8217;, poniewa\u017c w tym kontek\u015bcie brzmi niegramatycznie.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 2618px;\" width=\"782\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">acknowledge<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">uzna\u0107, potwierdzi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">admit<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przyzna\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">address<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaj\u0105\u0107 si\u0119, adresowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">advise<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">doradzi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argue<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argumentowa\u0107, spiera\u0107 si\u0119<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ascertain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">upewni\u0107 si\u0119, ustali\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">assert<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">twierdzi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">claim<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">twierdzi\u0107, ro\u015bci\u0107 sobie prawo<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">contradict<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaprzecza\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">describe<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">opisa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">demand<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">\u017c\u0105da\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">deny<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaprzeczy\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">determine<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">okre\u015bli\u0107, ustali\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">doubt<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">w\u0105tpi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">emphasize<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">podkre\u015bli\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">establish<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ustanowi\u0107, za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">examine<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">bada\u0107, egzaminowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">find<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">znale\u017a\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">forget<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zapomnie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">imply<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">sugerowa\u0107, dawa\u0107 do zrozumienia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">indicate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wskazywa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">investigate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">prowadzi\u0107 dochodzenie<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">mention<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wspomnie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">note<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zauwa\u017cy\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">observe<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">obserwowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">point out<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wskaza\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">prefer<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">preferowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">present<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">prezentowa\u0107, przedstawia\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">promise<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">obieca\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">propose<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">proponowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">question<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">pyta\u0107, kwestionowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">recognize<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">rozpozna\u0107, uzna\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">recommend<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">poleci\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">refute<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">obali\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">request<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">poprosi\u0107, za\u017c\u0105da\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">research<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">bada\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">reveal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ujawni\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">state<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">stwierdzi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">suggest<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">sugerowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">summarize<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">podsumowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">support<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wspiera\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">tell<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">powiedzie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia czasownik\u00f3w z dope\u0142nieniem lub gerundem, z polskim t\u0142umaczeniem:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Acknowledge:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She <\/span><strong>acknowledged<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> receiving the email. (Ona przyzna\u0142a, \u017ce otrzyma\u0142a email.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Advise:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The doctor <\/span><strong>advised<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> quitting smoking. (Lekarz poradzi\u0142 rzucenie palenia.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Argue:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">They <\/span><strong>argued<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> that the project was too costly. (Oni twierdzili, \u017ce projekt jest zbyt kosztowny.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Determine:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The study <\/span><strong>determined<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the cause of the outbreak. (Badanie ustali\u0142o przyczyn\u0119 wybuchu epidemii.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Suggest:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He <\/span><strong>suggested<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> visiting the museum. (On zasugerowa\u0142 odwiedzenie muzeum.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e2728716ff078b0152aef87414f8dfc4\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e2728716ff078b0152aef87414f8dfc4\">\n                Czasownik + przyimek + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">W j\u0119zyku angielskim wiele czasownik\u00f3w wymaga u\u017cycia okre\u015blonych przyimk\u00f3w, aby nada\u0107 zdaniu pe\u0142ne znaczenie. Przyk\u0142adowo, czasownik &#8222;speak&#8221; mo\u017ce wsp\u00f3\u0142dzia\u0142a\u0107 z r\u00f3\u017cnymi przyimkami, takimi jak &#8222;of&#8221;, &#8222;about&#8221;, &#8222;on&#8221;, &#8222;to&#8221;, &#8222;regarding&#8221; czy &#8222;for&#8221;. Z kolei &#8222;mention&#8221; zwykle wymaga bezpo\u015bredniego dope\u0142nienia, nie przyjmuj\u0105c przyimka.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 528px;\" width=\"784\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb + Preposition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">apologize for<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przeprasza\u0107 za<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">comment on\/about<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">komentowa\u0107 co\u015b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">complain about<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">narzeka\u0107 na<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">disagree with<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">nie zgadza\u0107 si\u0119 z<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">insist on<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">nalega\u0107 na<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">refer to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">odnosi\u0107 si\u0119 do<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">speak about\/on<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">m\u00f3wi\u0107 o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">warn about<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ostrzega\u0107 przed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia tych czasownik\u00f3w:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Apologize for:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I need to <\/span><strong>apologize for<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> being late. (Musz\u0119 przeprosi\u0107 za sp\u00f3\u017anienie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Comment on:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The critic <\/span><strong>commented on<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the new movie&#8217;s unique cinematography. (Krytyk skomentowa\u0142 unikatow\u0105 kinematografi\u0119 nowego filmu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Complain about:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She always <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c<strong>omplains about<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the weather. (Ona zawsze narzeka na pogod\u0119.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Disagree with:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">They <\/span><strong>disagree with<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the proposed changes. (Oni nie zgadzaj\u0105 si\u0119 z proponowanymi zmianami.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Insist on:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i<strong>nsists on<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> checking every detail. (On nalega na sprawdzenie ka\u017cdego szczeg\u00f3\u0142u.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_9ca9b4fc78b54a7128faf152f0351c28\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_9ca9b4fc78b54a7128faf152f0351c28\">\n                Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + przyimek + dope\u0142nienie \/ gerund            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki w j\u0119zyku angielskim cz\u0119sto wymagaj\u0105 u\u017cycia zar\u00f3wno dope\u0142nienia, jak i przyimka, aby stworzy\u0107 kompletn\u0105 konstrukcj\u0119 zdaniow\u0105. Ta struktura mo\u017ce by\u0107 nieco skomplikowana dla os\u00f3b ucz\u0105cych si\u0119 j\u0119zyka, ale jest niezb\u0119dna do precyzyjnego przekazywania informacji.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Poni\u017cej przedstawiono tabel\u0119 z przyk\u0142adami czasownik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re stosuje si\u0119 w po\u0142\u0105czeniu z dope\u0142nieniem i przyimkiem, wraz z ich polskimi t\u0142umaczeniami oraz przyk\u0142ady zda\u0144 z wykorzystaniem niekt\u00f3rych z nich:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 535px;\" width=\"797\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb + Complement + Preposition<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">accuse + of<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">oskar\u017cy\u0107 + o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argue for<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argumentowa\u0107 za<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">blame + for<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wini\u0107 + za<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">congratulate + on\/for<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">pogratulowa\u0107 + z okazji\/czego\u015b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">define + as<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zdefiniowa\u0107 + jako<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">inform + of<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">poinformowa\u0107 + o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">tell + about\/of<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">powiedzie\u0107 + o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">warn + about<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ostrzega\u0107 + przed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Accuse of:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He was <\/span><strong>accused of<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> stealing the car. (On zosta\u0142 oskar\u017cony o kradzie\u017c samochodu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Argue for:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The lawyer <\/span><strong>argued for<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> his client&#8217;s innocence. (Adwokat argumentowa\u0142 za niewinno\u015bci\u0105 swojego klienta.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Blame for:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She <\/span><strong>blamed him for<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the failure of the project. (Ona wini\u0142a go za niepowodzenie projektu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Congratulate on:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I want to <\/span><strong>congratulate you on<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> your promotion. (Chcia\u0142bym ci pogratulowa\u0107 awansu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Inform of:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The officer <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i<strong>nformed us of<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the change in schedule. (Oficer poinformowa\u0142 nas o zmianie planu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_f35591a711a5bfbb2dfe49d5160c5b91\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_f35591a711a5bfbb2dfe49d5160c5b91\">\n                Czasownik + bezokolicznik (prosty)             <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">W j\u0119zyku angielskim, czasowniki mog\u0105 by\u0107 \u0142\u0105czone z bezokolicznikiem w celu stworzenia konstrukcji wyra\u017caj\u0105cych zamiar, decyzj\u0119, obietnic\u0119 czy oczekiwanie. Bezokolicznik (to + podstawowa forma czasownika) pozwala na dok\u0142adne opisanie przysz\u0142ych dzia\u0142a\u0144 lub stan\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Oto tabela z przyk\u0142adami czasownik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re wymagaj\u0105 u\u017cycia bezokolicznika, wraz z ich polskimi t\u0142umaczeniami oraz przyk\u0142ady zda\u0144 z wykorzystaniem niekt\u00f3rych z nich:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 667px;\" width=\"786\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb + To-Infinitive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">agree to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zgodzi\u0107 si\u0119 na<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">decide to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zdecydowa\u0107 si\u0119 na<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">expect to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">oczekiwa\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">forget to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zapomnie\u0107 o<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">hope to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">mie\u0107 nadziej\u0119 na<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">offer to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaproponowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">promise to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">obieca\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">propose to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaproponowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">refuse to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">odm\u00f3wi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">threaten to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zagrozi\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Agree to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She <\/span><strong>agreed to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> meet them at the caf\u00e9. (Ona zgodzi\u0142a si\u0119 spotka\u0107 z nimi w kawiarni.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Decide to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">We <\/span><strong>decided to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> start our journey early in the morning. (Zdecydowali\u015bmy si\u0119 rozpocz\u0105\u0107 nasz\u0105 podr\u00f3\u017c wcze\u015bnie rano.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Expect to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I <\/span><strong>expect to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> hear from them soon. (Oczekuj\u0119, \u017ce wkr\u00f3tce si\u0119 odezw\u0105.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Forget to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He always <\/span><strong>forgets to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> lock the door. (On zawsze zapomina zamkn\u0105\u0107 drzwi na klucz.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Hope to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">They <\/span><strong>hope to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> visit Europe next year. (Oni maj\u0105 nadziej\u0119 odwiedzi\u0107 Europ\u0119 w przysz\u0142ym roku.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e0f9b883596c3312531bd551ac39ed48\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e0f9b883596c3312531bd551ac39ed48\">\n                Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + bezokolicznik            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Struktura czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + bezokolicznik jest cz\u0119sto stosowana w j\u0119zyku angielskim, zw\u0142aszcza gdy chcemy wyrazi\u0107 pro\u015bb\u0119, rad\u0119, polecenie, czy zach\u0119t\u0119. Tego rodzaju konstrukcje s\u0105 niezb\u0119dne do tworzenia zda\u0144, kt\u00f3re przekazuj\u0105 nasze oczekiwania wobec innych os\u00f3b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Oto tabela z przyk\u0142adami czasownik\u00f3w w tej konstrukcji, wraz z ich polskimi t\u0142umaczeniami oraz przyk\u0142adami zda\u0144:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 906px;\" width=\"788\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb + Complement + To-Infinitive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">advise someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">doradzi\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ask someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">poprosi\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">beg someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">b\u0142aga\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">command someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">rozkaza\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">encourage someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zach\u0119ci\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">expect someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">oczekiwa\u0107 od kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">forbid someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zabroni\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">instruct someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zleci\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">invite someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zaprosi\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">persuade someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przekona\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">remind someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przypomnie\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">teach someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">nauczy\u0107 kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">tell someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">powiedzie\u0107 komu\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">warn someone to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ostrzec kogo\u015b, aby<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Advise to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The lawyer <\/span><strong>advised her to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> remain silent. (Adwokat doradzi\u0142 jej, aby zachowa\u0142a milczenie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Ask to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I <\/span><strong>asked him to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> close the window. (Poprosi\u0142em go, aby zamkn\u0105\u0142 okno.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Beg to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She <\/span><strong>begged him to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> stay. (Ona b\u0142aga\u0142a go, aby zosta\u0142.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Encourage to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">We <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e<strong>ncouraged them to<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> try their best. (Zach\u0119cili\u015bmy ich, aby dali z siebie wszystko.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Tell to:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The manager <\/span><strong>told the employees to<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> submit their reports by Friday. (Kierownik kaza\u0142 pracownikom z\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 swoje raporty do pi\u0105tku.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_865f1abdd991e1b0e88f4ddf66b3fe91\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_865f1abdd991e1b0e88f4ddf66b3fe91\">\n                Czasownik + that (klauzula dope\u0142nienia)            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">W j\u0119zyku angielskim, klauzula dope\u0142nienia cz\u0119sto rozpoczyna si\u0119 sp\u00f3jnikiem &#8222;that&#8221;, cho\u0107 w mowie codziennej lub nieformalnym pi\u015bmie ten sp\u00f3jnik jest cz\u0119sto pomijany. Czasowniki takie jak &#8222;stress&#8221; lub &#8222;emphasize&#8221; u\u017cywane s\u0105 do zwr\u00f3cenia uwagi na istotne informacje, podczas gdy &#8222;mention&#8221; stosuje si\u0119 do szybkiego odniesienia lub wyja\u015bnienia mniej wa\u017cnych kwestii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, aby u\u017cywa\u0107 nast\u0119pstwa czas\u00f3w. Oznacza to, \u017ce czasownik w klauzuli dope\u0142nienia powinien by\u0107 w czasie, kt\u00f3ry odpowiada czasowi czasownika w zdaniu g\u0142\u00f3wnym.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Poni\u017cej przedstawiam tabel\u0119 z przyk\u0142adami czasownik\u00f3w u\u017cywanych z klauzul\u0105 &#8222;that&#8221;, wraz z ich polskimi t\u0142umaczeniami oraz przyk\u0142ady zda\u0144:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 732px;\" width=\"787\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb + That Clause<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">add that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">doda\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">acknowledge that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przyzna\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">admit that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">przyzna\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">agree that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zgadza\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">allege that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zarzuci\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">announce that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">og\u0142osi\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">answer that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">odpowiedzie\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argue that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">argumentowa\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">assert that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">twierdzi\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">assume that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">believe that<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wierzy\u0107, \u017ce<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ady u\u017cycia:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Acknowledge that:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The company <\/span><strong>acknowledged that<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the mistake was theirs. (Firma przyzna\u0142a, \u017ce b\u0142\u0105d by\u0142 po ich stronie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Admit that:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She <\/span><strong>admitted that<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> she had forgotten the meeting. (Ona przyzna\u0142a, \u017ce zapomnia\u0142a o spotkaniu.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Agree that:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">We all <\/span><strong>agree that<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the new policy will benefit the company. (Wszyscy zgadzamy si\u0119, \u017ce nowa polityka przyniesie korzy\u015bci firmie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Allege that:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The defendant <\/span><strong>alleged that<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> he was out of town when the crime happened. (Oskar\u017cony zarzuci\u0142, \u017ce by\u0142 poza miastem, gdy dosz\u0142o do przest\u0119pstwa.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Announce that:<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The director <\/span><strong>announced that<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> the project had been a success. (Dyrektor og\u0142osi\u0142, \u017ce projekt zako\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 sukcesem.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_1f7a9ccc59fd1b547868d00f586be522\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_1f7a9ccc59fd1b547868d00f586be522\">\n                Czasownik + dope\u0142nienie + that (klauzula uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105ca)            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki takie jak &#8222;promise&#8221; (obieca\u0107) i &#8222;tell&#8221; (powiedzie\u0107) wymagaj\u0105 w j\u0119zyku angielskim bezpo\u015bredniego dope\u0142nienia przed u\u017cyciem sp\u00f3jnika &#8222;that&#8221;. Oznacza to, \u017ce musz\u0105 one bezpo\u015brednio odnosi\u0107 si\u0119 do osoby lub os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re przyjmuj\u0105 lub otrzymuj\u0105 obietnic\u0119 lub informacj\u0119. Oto przyk\u0142ady zastosowania tych czasownik\u00f3w w zdaniach:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">1. Promise (obieca\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She promised her mother that she would call every day. (Ona obieca\u0142a swojej matce, \u017ce b\u0119dzie dzwoni\u0107 codziennie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">2. Tell (powiedzie\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He told his friend that he had got the job. (On powiedzia\u0142 swojemu przyjacielowi, \u017ce dosta\u0142 prac\u0119.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">W obu przypadkach widzimy, \u017ce po czasowniku &#8222;promise&#8221; nast\u0119puje bezpo\u015brednie dope\u0142nienie (&#8222;her mother&#8221; &#8211; jej matka), a po czasowniku &#8222;tell&#8221; r\u00f3wnie\u017c pojawia si\u0119 bezpo\u015brednie dope\u0142nienie (&#8222;his friend&#8221; &#8211; jego przyjaciel), po kt\u00f3rym nast\u0119puje klauzula uzupe\u0142niaj\u0105ca rozpoczynaj\u0105ca si\u0119 od &#8222;that&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_68a12eda654b2906716011bf6d9f1bbd\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_68a12eda654b2906716011bf6d9f1bbd\">\n                Czasownik + (that) + czasownik w trybie \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cym lub that&#8230;should            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki takie jak &#8222;advise&#8221; (radzi\u0107), &#8222;demand&#8221; (\u017c\u0105da\u0107), &#8222;insist&#8221; (nalega\u0107), &#8222;recommend&#8221; (poleca\u0107) i &#8222;suggest&#8221; (sugerowa\u0107) mog\u0105 by\u0107 u\u017cywane z konstrukcj\u0105 (that) + subjunctive (tryb \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cy) w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Tryb \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cy jest u\u017cywany w sytuacjach wyra\u017caj\u0105cych \u017cyczenie, rad\u0119, pro\u015bb\u0119, polecenie lub konieczno\u015b\u0107 i cz\u0119sto stosuje si\u0119 go po wyra\u017ceniach, kt\u00f3re przekazuj\u0105 te znaczenia. Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesny angielski coraz cz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywa konstrukcji &#8222;should&#8221; zamiast klasycznego trybu \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cego, ale obie formy s\u0105 nadal poprawne i zrozumia\u0142e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142adowe zdania z t\u0142umaczeniami:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">1.Advise (radzi\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The doctor advised that he (should) take a week off work. (Lekarz zaleci\u0142, aby wzi\u0105\u0142 tydzie\u0144 wolnego od pracy.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">2. Demand (\u017c\u0105da\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The protestors demanded that the law (should) be changed. (Protestuj\u0105cy \u017c\u0105dali, aby prawo zosta\u0142o zmienione.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">3. Insist (nalega\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She insisted that he (should) be told the truth. (Ona nalega\u0142a, aby mu powiedziano prawd\u0119.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">4. Recommend (poleca\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I recommend that you (should) see the movie. (Polecam, aby\u015b obejrza\u0142 ten film.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">5. Suggest (sugerowa\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He suggested that she (should) apply for the scholarship. (On zasugerowa\u0142, aby ona ubiega\u0142a si\u0119 o stypendium.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_bce9be672d58e254f0001a1ff41d4584\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_bce9be672d58e254f0001a1ff41d4584\">\n                Czasownik + inna klauzula dope\u0142nienia            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki w j\u0119zyku angielskim mog\u0105 \u0142\u0105czy\u0107 si\u0119 z r\u00f3\u017cnymi klauzulami dope\u0142niaj\u0105cymi, aby przekaza\u0107 pe\u0142niejszy obraz sytuacji, my\u015bli lub uczu\u0107.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Opr\u00f3cz klauzuli &#8222;that&#8221;, istniej\u0105 klauzule dope\u0142nienia rozpoczynaj\u0105ce si\u0119 od s\u0142\u00f3w pytaj\u0105cych takich jak &#8222;if\/whether&#8221; (je\u015bli\/czy), &#8222;what&#8221; (co), &#8222;when&#8221; (kiedy), &#8222;where&#8221; (gdzie), &#8222;why&#8221; (dlaczego), kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 na wprowadzenie dodatkowych informacji.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142adowe zdania z klauzulami dope\u0142nienia:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">1. If\/whether:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She asked if\/whether the train had been delayed. (Zapyta\u0142a, czy poci\u0105g by\u0142 op\u00f3\u017aniony.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">2.What:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He couldn&#8217;t understand what she was talking about. (Nie m\u00f3g\u0142 zrozumie\u0107, o czym ona m\u00f3wi.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">3. When:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">They will let us know when the meeting is supposed to start. (Poinformuj\u0105 nas, kiedy ma si\u0119 rozpocz\u0105\u0107 spotkanie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">4. Where:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The story explained where the treasure was hidden. (Historia wyja\u015bnia\u0142a, gdzie by\u0142 ukryty skarb.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">5. Why:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She explained why she was late. (Wyja\u015bni\u0142a, dlaczego si\u0119 sp\u00f3\u017ani\u0142a.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e06bda8c5db08a11f81aa05228a4f944\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_e06bda8c5db08a11f81aa05228a4f944\">\n                Czasownik + klauzula if \/ whether            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki takie jak &#8222;ask&#8221; (pyta\u0107), &#8222;doubt&#8221; (w\u0105tpi\u0107) i &#8222;know&#8221; (wiedzie\u0107) s\u0105 cz\u0119sto u\u017cywane z klauzul\u0105 &#8222;if\/whether&#8221; w j\u0119zyku angielskim, by przedstawi\u0107 pytania po\u015brednie lub wyrazi\u0107 niepewno\u015b\u0107. Warto zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce zwrot &#8222;whether or not&#8221; jest bardziej potoczny, natomiast w formalnym pisaniu zwykle wystarczy u\u017cy\u0107 samego &#8222;whether&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia tych czasownik\u00f3w w zdaniach:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">1. Ask (pyta\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She asked whether the report was ready. (Zapyta\u0142a, czy raport jest gotowy.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">2. Doubt (w\u0105tpi\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He doubted whether the investment would be profitable. (W\u0105tpi\u0142, czy inwestycja b\u0119dzie op\u0142acalna.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">3. Know (wiedzie\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I don&#8217;t know whether I&#8217;ll be able to come to your party. (Nie wiem, czy b\u0119d\u0119 m\u00f3g\u0142 przyj\u015b\u0107 na twoj\u0105 imprez\u0119.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_4250d0a919f2714409028d1c87a4ea7e\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_4250d0a919f2714409028d1c87a4ea7e\">\n                Czasownik + pytanie wbudowane            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Czasowniki takie jak &#8222;decide&#8221; (zdecydowa\u0107), &#8222;explain&#8221; (wyja\u015bnia\u0107), &#8222;realize&#8221; (zda\u0107 sobie spraw\u0119) czy &#8222;wonder&#8221; (zastanawia\u0107 si\u0119) mog\u0105 towarzyszy\u0107 pytaniom wbudowanym, kt\u00f3re zaczynaj\u0105 si\u0119 od s\u0142\u00f3w pytaj\u0105cych takich jak &#8222;what&#8221;, &#8222;when&#8221;, &#8222;where&#8221;, itd. S\u0105 one integraln\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 zdania i s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 do przedstawienia z\u0142o\u017conych informacji w spos\u00f3b bardziej zrozumia\u0142y i uporz\u0105dkowany.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Przyk\u0142ad u\u017cycia wybranych czasownik\u00f3w w zdaniach z pytaniami wbudowanymi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">1. Decide (zdecydowa\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">He couldn&#8217;t decide what to wear for the interview. (Nie m\u00f3g\u0142 zdecydowa\u0107, co ubra\u0107 na rozmow\u0119 kwalifikacyjn\u0105.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">2. Explain (wyja\u015bnia\u0107):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The teacher explained how the experiment should be conducted. (Nauczyciel wyja\u015bni\u0142, jak nale\u017cy przeprowadzi\u0107 eksperyment.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">3. Realize (zda\u0107 sobie spraw\u0119):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">She realized why the solution to the problem was incorrect. (Zda\u0142a sobie spraw\u0119, dlaczego rozwi\u0105zanie problemu by\u0142o nieprawid\u0142owe.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">4. Wonder (zastanawia\u0107 si\u0119):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">I wonder where we will meet next time. (Zastanawiam si\u0119, gdzie spotkamy si\u0119 nast\u0119pnym razem.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">T\u0142umaczenia:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 1575px;\" width=\"784\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>English Verb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Polish Translation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">decide<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zdecydowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">describe<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">opisa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">discover<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">odkry\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">discuss<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">dyskutowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">doubt<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">w\u0105tpi\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">explain<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wyja\u015bni\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">forget<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zapomnie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">guess<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zgadywa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">illustrate<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ilustrowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">imagine<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wyobra\u017ca\u0107 sobie<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">know<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wiedzie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">learn<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">uczy\u0107 si\u0119<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">question<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">kwestionowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">realize<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zda\u0107 sobie spraw\u0119<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">remember<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">pami\u0119ta\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">reveal<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">ujawni\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">say<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">powiedzie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">see<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">widzie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">show<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">pokaza\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">suggest<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">sugerowa\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">teach<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">uczy\u0107 (kogo\u015b)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">tell<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">powiedzie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">think<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">my\u015ble\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">understand<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">rozumie\u0107<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">wonder<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">zastanawia\u0107 si\u0119<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Pytania wbudowane u\u017cywane w ten spos\u00f3b pozwalaj\u0105 na bezpo\u015brednie w\u0142\u0105czenie informacji zapytaniowej do struktury zdania, umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105c m\u00f3wi\u0105cemu lub pisz\u0105cemu wyra\u017cenie bardziej skomplikowanych koncepcji bez konieczno\u015bci stosowania wielu zda\u0144.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_84cee25fc6045066ea67a10357f41926\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_84cee25fc6045066ea67a10357f41926\">\n                Podsumowanie i wnioski            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">W artykule om\u00f3wili\u015bmy z\u0142o\u017cone zastosowania czasownik\u00f3w mowy zale\u017cnej, czyli reporting verbs, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 nieodzownym elementem komunikacji w j\u0119zyku angielskim. Pokazali\u015bmy, jak r\u00f3\u017cnorodne mog\u0105 by\u0107 te czasowniki, nie ograniczaj\u0105c si\u0119 tylko do 'say&#8217; i 'tell&#8217;. Poznali\u015bmy struktury z gerundami, kt\u00f3re pozwalaj\u0105 na bardziej p\u0142ynne przekszta\u0142cenie wypowiedzi, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c z\u0142o\u017cone konstrukcje z przyimkami, kt\u00f3re nadaj\u0105 zdaniom dodatkowe znaczenie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Znajomo\u015b\u0107 reporting verbs i umiej\u0119tno\u015b\u0107 ich stosowania w praktyce to jedno z kluczowych umiej\u0119tno\u015bci w nauce j\u0119zyka angielskiego. Pozwala nie tylko na efektywne i poprawne przekazywanie informacji, ale tak\u017ce na wyra\u017canie subtelno\u015bci i niuans\u00f3w w mowie zale\u017cnej. Aby opanowa\u0107 te struktury, zalecamy regularne praktykowanie i analizowanie realnych kontekst\u00f3w ich u\u017cycia, zar\u00f3wno w mowie, jak i pi\u015bmie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Dla os\u00f3b ucz\u0105cych si\u0119 j\u0119zyka angielskiego wa\u017cne jest, aby nie tylko uczy\u0107 si\u0119 tych struktur 'na pami\u0119\u0107&#8217;, ale tak\u017ce zrozumie\u0107 ich zastosowanie i odczu\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnice w znaczeniu, kt\u00f3re nios\u0105. Dzi\u0119ki temu, mowa zale\u017cna stanie si\u0119 nie tylko form\u0105 gramatyczn\u0105, ale narz\u0119dziem komunikacji, kt\u00f3re pozwoli na bardziej precyzyjne i bogate wyra\u017canie w\u0142asnych my\u015bli oraz zrozumienie innych.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak stosowa\u0107 mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105? Sprawd\u017a, jakie czasowniki wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w mowie zale\u017cnej w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka","category-podstawy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Reporting verbs | Czasowniki mowy zale\u017cnej w j\u0119zyku angielskim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jak stosowa\u0107 mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105? 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