{"id":7700,"date":"2026-03-21T20:23:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T20:23:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/?p=7700"},"modified":"2026-03-24T19:29:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T19:29:37","slug":"mowa-zalezna-w-jezyku-angielskim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/mowa-zalezna-w-jezyku-angielskim\/","title":{"rendered":"Mowa zale\u017cna i niezale\u017cna \u2013 angielski od podstaw"},"content":{"rendered":"  <section class=\"section blogHeader\" id=\"blogHeader-block_4d105b07c8b0d624944f10326db6b932\">\n      <div class=\"blogHeader__wrapper\">\n                              <div class=\"blogHeader__image\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Ddirect-and-reported-speech.png\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Ddirect-and-reported-speech.png\" alt=\"mowa zale\u017cna w j\u0119zyku angielskim\" class=\"blogHeader__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Ddirect-and-reported-speech-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Ddirect-and-reported-speech-768x400.png 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Ddirect-and-reported-speech.png 960w\" style=\"width:100%; aspect-ratio:960\/500;\"> \n              <\/a>\n          <\/div>\n          \n      <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n      <section class=\"blogContentTable\" data-toc-section>\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__toggle\" \/>\n        <label for=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__header\">\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__heading\">\n                Spis tre\u015bci            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__arrow\"><\/span>\n        <\/label>\n        <div class=\"blogContentTable__wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"blogContentTable__heading blogContentTable__heading--sidebar\">\n                Spis tre\u015bci            <\/div>\n            <ol class=\"blogContentTable__list\">\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czym jest mowa niezale\u017cna w j\u0119zyku angielskim?<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Czym jest mowa zale\u017cna?<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Najcz\u0119stsze b\u0142\u0119dy w mowie zale\u017cnej i jak ich unika\u0107<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Mowa niezale\u017cna i mowa zale\u017cna \u2013 tabela por\u00f3wnawcza<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">\u0106wiczenia z mowy zale\u017cnej i niezale\u017cnej<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                            <\/ol>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <script>\n        \/\/ Use DOMContentLoaded for faster TOC initialization\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n            const tocSection = document.querySelector('[data-toc-section]');\n            if (!tocSection) return;\n\n            const headings = document.querySelectorAll('.blogHeadingText');\n            const tableContainer = tocSection.querySelector('.blogContentTable__list');\n            if (!tableContainer) return;\n\n            \/\/ Clear the container\n            tableContainer.innerHTML = '';\n\n            \/\/ Count valid headings with h2\n            let validHeadingsCount = 0;\n\n            \/\/ For each heading, create an item in the table of contents\n            headings.forEach((heading, index) => {\n                const h2 = heading.querySelector('h2');\n                if (!h2) return;\n\n                validHeadingsCount++;\n                const title = h2.textContent.trim();\n                const itemHtml = `<li><a href=\"#${heading.id}\">${title}<\/a><\/li>`;\n                tableContainer.innerHTML += itemHtml;\n            });\n\n            \/\/ Hide TOC if no valid headings found\n            if (validHeadingsCount === 0) {\n                tocSection.style.display = 'none';\n            }\n            \n            \/\/ Dispatch custom event to notify that TOC is ready\n            document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tocReady'));\n        });\n    <\/script>\n  \n\n\n\n <section class=\"section blogTakeaways\" id=\"blogCrossPost-block_5cf14a1b50845d2dd6854aa81e5ba952\">\n    \n      <div class=\"blogTakeaways__wrapper\">\n\n          <div class=\"blogTakeaways__header\">\n            Takeaways          <\/div>\n          <ul class=\"blogTakeaways__content\">\n                          <li>\n                  \nMowa zale\u017cna i niezale\u017cna w j\u0119zyku angielskim s\u0142u\u017cy do przekazywania czyjej\u015b wypowiedzi. Direct speech cytuje dok\u0142adne s\u0142owa rozm\u00f3wcy, natomiast reported speech przekazuje sens wypowiedzi w formie po\u015bredniej.\n\n              <\/li>\n                          <li>\n                  \nW mowie zale\u017cnej cz\u0119sto dzia\u0142a zasada nast\u0119pstwa czas\u00f3w, dlatego czas w zdaniu mo\u017ce przesuwa\u0107 si\u0119 w stron\u0119 przesz\u0142o\u015bci, np. present simple \u2192 past simple, present perfect \u2192 past perfect, will \u2192 would.\n\n              <\/li>\n                          <li>\n                  \nPodczas przekszta\u0142cania zdania zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 tak\u017ce zaimki, okre\u015blenia czasu oraz czasami okre\u015blenia miejsca.\n\n              <\/li>\n                      <\/ul>\n\n\n      <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogText\" id=\"blogText-block_cdd835840b1f93a820bb05cb2dc2316f\">\n    <div class=\"blogText__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"blogText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli chcesz opanowa\u0107 czasy w angielskim, zacznij si\u0119 uczy\u0107 mowy zale\u017cnej i niezale\u017cnej, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 z nimi \u015bci\u015ble powi\u0105zane. W ten spos\u00f3b upieczesz dwie pieczenie na jednym ogniu.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 doradza <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/english-teachers\/Ali%20S-f26b9448-4ae4-444a-821f-8c5068a1fb71\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ali Sullivan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, nauczycielka w Novakid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozmawiaj\u0105c po angielsku cz\u0119sto przytaczamy czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a. Czasem powtarzamy j\u0105 dok\u0142adnie tak, jak zosta\u0142a wypowiedziana. Innym razem przekazujemy j\u0105 w\u0142asnymi s\u0142owami. W zale\u017cno\u015bci od sytuacji tworzymy w\u00f3wczas mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 lub niezale\u017cn\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_0efffc03c477156dcd524146140e01a2\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_0efffc03c477156dcd524146140e01a2\">\n                Czym jest mowa niezale\u017cna w j\u0119zyku angielskim?            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najprostszym sposobem przekazania czyjej\u015b wypowiedzi jest powt\u00f3rzenie jej dok\u0142adnie tak, jak zosta\u0142a wypowiedziana. W angielskim nazywa si\u0119 to direct speech, czyli mow\u0105 niezale\u017cn\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W takiej sytuacji cytujemy dok\u0142adne s\u0142owa drugiej osoby. W zapisie pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 cudzys\u0142owy, poniewa\u017c zdanie jest dos\u0142ownym cytatem. Charakterystyczny jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c czasownik wprowadzaj\u0105cy said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czas gramatyczny nie zmienia si\u0119, poniewa\u017c przytaczamy wypowied\u017a dos\u0142ownie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI work here.\u201d (Ona powiedzia\u0142a: \u201ePracuj\u0119 tutaj.\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI finished the report the next day.\u201d (On powiedzia\u0142: \u201eSko\u0144czy\u0142em raport nast\u0119pnego dnia.\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I to w zasadzie tyle. Znacznie wi\u0119ksze zmiany zachodz\u0105 jednak w mowie zale\u017cnej.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_887431ede7bd0176b0e18c88113a6a78\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_887431ede7bd0176b0e18c88113a6a78\">\n                Czym jest mowa zale\u017cna?            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mowa zale\u017cna, czyli reported speech to konstrukcja, kt\u00f3rej u\u017cywamy, gdy opowiadamy komu\u015b o tym, co powiedzia\u0142a inna osoba, ale w\u0142asnymi s\u0142owami. W tej konstrukcji nie u\u017cywamy ju\u017c cudzys\u0142ow\u00f3w. Wypowied\u017a drugiej osoby zostaje w\u0142\u0105czona do naszego zdania i staje si\u0119 jego cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schemat:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">osoba + czasownik + that + zdanie<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogImage\" id=\"blogImage-block_040c4ebd0e5f8338372151f70a37bb2d\">\n    <div class=\"blogImage__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogImage__image\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity.png\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity.png\" alt=\"dzieci \u0107wicz\u0105ce mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 i niezale\u017cn\u0105 podczas aktywnej lekcji angielskiego\" class=\"blogImage__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity-1080x720.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1-children-practicing-direct-and-reported-speech-during-English-speaking-activity.png 1344w\" >\n                <div class=\"glightbox__zoom\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/search.svg\" alt=\"Zoom icon\" class=\"style-svg\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogText\" id=\"blogText-block_b791965e333d779acc0f8c6c3cfabecc\">\n    <div class=\"blogText__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"blogText__content\">\n            <h3><b>Nast\u0119pstwo czas\u00f3w \u2013 jak zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 czasy w mowie zale\u017cnej<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jedn\u0105 z najwa\u017cniejszych zasad w mowie zale\u017cnej jest tak zwane nast\u0119pstwo czas\u00f3w. W angielskiej gramatyce nazywa si\u0119 to sequence of tenses. Mechanizm polega na tym, \u017ce gdy zdanie wprowadzaj\u0105ce znajduje si\u0119 w czasie przesz\u0142ym, czas w dalszej cz\u0119\u015bci zdania przesuwa si\u0119 o jeden krok w przesz\u0142o\u015b\u0107.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dzieje si\u0119 tak dlatego, \u017ce przekazujemy czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a po pewnym czasie, a nie w tej samej chwili, w kt\u00f3rej zosta\u0142a wypowiedziana.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zdanie zaczyna si\u0119 od czasownika said lub told:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he said<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">she said<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they said<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">she told me<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Present Simple \u2192 Past Simple<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli w mowie niezale\u017cnej pojawia si\u0119 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-present-simple\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Simple<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, w mowie zale\u017cnej najcz\u0119\u015bciej zmienia si\u0119 on w <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-past-simple\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past Simple<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she worked there.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce pracowa\u0142a tam.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Present Continuous \u2192 Past Continuous<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Podobna zmiana pojawia si\u0119 w przypadku <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-present-continuous\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Continuous<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ten czas przechodzi w <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-past-continuous\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past Continuous<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she was working.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce pracowa\u0142a.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Present Perfect \u2192 Past Perfect<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli w zdaniu pojawia si\u0119 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-present-perfect\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Perfect<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, w mowie zale\u017cnej przechodzi on zwykle w <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-past-perfect\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past Perfect<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she had lost her keys.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce zgubi\u0142a swoje klucze.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Past Simple \u2192 Past Perfect<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u017celi w direct speech pojawia si\u0119 Past Simple, w mowie zale\u017cnej mo\u017ce pojawi\u0107 si\u0119 Past Perfect.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she had lost her phone.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce zgubi\u0142a telefon.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Future Simple \u2192 would<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gdy w mowie niezale\u017cnej pojawia si\u0119 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/czas-future-simple\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Future Simple<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, w mowie zale\u017cnej najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywa si\u0119 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/would\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">would<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she would call me.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce do mnie zadzwoni.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Zmiana zaimk\u00f3w w mowie zale\u017cnej<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gdy przekazujemy czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a w formie po\u015bredniej, bardzo cz\u0119sto zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 zaimki. Jest to naturalne, poniewa\u017c m\u00f3wimy o sytuacji z innej perspektywy ni\u017c osoba, kt\u00f3ra wypowiedzia\u0142a zdanie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sp\u00f3jrz na prosty przyk\u0142ad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Direct speech:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI am tired.\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Ona powiedzia\u0142a: \u201eJestem zm\u0119czona.\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reported speech:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she was tired.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce by\u0142a zm\u0119czona.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zaimkiem w pierwszym zdaniu jest I, poniewa\u017c osoba m\u00f3wi o sobie. Kiedy jednak przekazujemy t\u0119 wypowied\u017a, musimy zmieni\u0107 punkt widzenia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dlatego I \u2192 she<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Zmiana okre\u015ble\u0144 czasu<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kolejn\u0105 wa\u017cn\u0105 zmian\u0105 w mowie zale\u017cnej w j\u0119zyku angielskim jest zmiana okre\u015ble\u0144 czasu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pow\u00f3d jest podobny jak w przypadku czas\u00f3w gramatycznych. Kiedy opowiadamy czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a p\u00f3\u017aniej, niekt\u00f3re s\u0142owa odnosz\u0105ce si\u0119 do czasu przestaj\u0105 pasowa\u0107.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 takie wyra\u017cenia jak:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Direct speech<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Reported speech<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">today<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that day<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tomorrow<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the next day<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">yesterday<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the day before<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">now<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">then<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Zmiana okre\u015ble\u0144 miejsca<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zmianie mog\u0105 ulec tak\u017ce okre\u015blenia miejsca.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej spotykamy takie transformacje:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Direct speech<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Reported speech<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">there<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Reporting verbs \u2013 czasowniki wprowadzaj\u0105ce czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gdy przekazujemy czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a w mowie zale\u017cnej, potrzebujemy czasownika, kt\u00f3ry wprowadza informacj\u0119 o tym, \u017ce kto\u015b co\u015b powiedzia\u0142. Takie czasowniki nazywa si\u0119 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reporting speech verbs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej spotykane to:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">say<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tell<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ask<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wszystkie oznaczaj\u0105 przekazywanie informacji, ale ich u\u017cycie nie jest identyczne. R\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 przede wszystkim budow\u0105 zdania, czyli tym, co pojawia si\u0119 po czasowniku.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Czasownik SAY<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czasownik say jest najbardziej neutralny. Informuje po prostu, \u017ce kto\u015b co\u015b powiedzia\u0142. W reported speech wyst\u0119puje w czasie przesz\u0142ym jako said.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">someone + said + that + zdanie<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she was tired.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a, \u017ce by\u0142a zm\u0119czona.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said that he would come later.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142, \u017ce przyjdzie p\u00f3\u017aniej.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They said that they were waiting.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzieli, \u017ce czekali.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W opowiadaniach\/powie\u015bciach mo\u017cesz te\u017c spotka\u0107 si\u0119 z szykiem odwr\u00f3conym:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI am tired,\u201d said she.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(\u201eJestem zm\u0119czona\u201d, powiedzia\u0142a.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI will call you,\u201d said he.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(\u201eZadzwoni\u0119 do ciebie\u201d, powiedzia\u0142.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Czasownik TELL<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czasownik tell r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza przekazywanie informacji, jednak w przeciwie\u0144stwie do say prawie zawsze wskazuje adresata wypowiedzi.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">someone + told + osoba + that + zdanie<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She told me that she was tired.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142a mi, \u017ce by\u0142a zm\u0119czona.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told her that he would help.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142 jej, \u017ce pomo\u017ce.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Czasownik ASK<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czasownik ask pojawia si\u0119 wtedy, gdy kto\u015b zadaje pytanie. W mowie zale\u017cnej pytania zmieniaj\u0105 swoj\u0105 struktur\u0119, poniewa\u017c nie u\u017cywamy ju\u017c szyku pytaj\u0105cego.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zamiast tego pojawia si\u0119 normalna kolejno\u015b\u0107 wyraz\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked where I lived.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Zapyta\u0142a, gdzie mieszkam.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He asked if I was ready.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Zapyta\u0142, czy jestem gotowy.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Inne reporting verbs<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opr\u00f3cz say, tell i ask w j\u0119zyku angielskim istnieje wiele innych czasownik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 wprowadza\u0107 czyj\u0105\u015b wypowied\u017a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Na przyk\u0142ad:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explain<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">promise<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">warn<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">suggest<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">admit<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She promised that she would come.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Obieca\u0142a, \u017ce przyjdzie.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He explained that the problem was serious.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Wyja\u015bni\u0142, \u017ce problem jest powa\u017cny.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They admitted that they were wrong.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Przyznali, \u017ce si\u0119 mylili.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Reported questions \u2013 pytania w mowie zale\u017cnej<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kiedy przekazujemy czyje\u015b pytanie w mowie zale\u017cnej, zmienia si\u0119 nie tylko czas gramatyczny, lecz tak\u017ce budowa zdania. W direct speech pytanie ma charakterystyczny szyk pytaj\u0105cy. W reported speech ten szyk znika i zdanie przyjmuje zwyk\u0142\u0105 kolejno\u015b\u0107 wyraz\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oznacza to, \u017ce podmiot pojawia si\u0119 przed czasownikiem, tak jak w zdaniu oznajmuj\u0105cym.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Pytania z zaimkiem pytaj\u0105cym<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli pytanie zaczyna si\u0119 od s\u0142owa pytaj\u0105cego, np.:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">what<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">where<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">why<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to s\u0142owo to pozostaje w zdaniu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked what I wanted.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Zapyta\u0142a, czego chcia\u0142em.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Pytania typu yes \/ no<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli pytanie nie zawiera s\u0142owa pytaj\u0105cego, w mowie zale\u017cnej pojawia si\u0119 s\u0142owo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">if<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">whether<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ady:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He asked if I was ready.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Zapyta\u0142, czy jestem gotowy.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked, \u201cDo you like coffee?\u201d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Zapyta\u0142a: \u201eCzy lubisz kaw\u0119?\u201d)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Zakazy<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli wypowied\u017a jest zakazem, pojawia si\u0119 konstrukcja:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not to<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przyk\u0142ad:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told me not to touch that.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Powiedzia\u0142 mi, \u017cebym tego nie dotyka\u0142.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogImage\" id=\"blogImage-block_55020659ec209bc0a8fb55be2824944f\">\n    <div class=\"blogImage__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogImage__image\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech.png\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech.png\" alt=\"grupa dzieci bawi\u0105cych si\u0119 w gr\u0119 j\u0119zykow\u0105 polegaj\u0105c\u0105 na przekazywaniu wypowiedzi po angielsku\" class=\"blogImage__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech-1080x720.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2-group-of-children-playing-English-communication-game-practicing-reported-speech.png 1344w\" >\n                <div class=\"glightbox__zoom\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/search.svg\" alt=\"Zoom icon\" class=\"style-svg\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_fccffd1ff5ac49f41833c47779da8e35\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_fccffd1ff5ac49f41833c47779da8e35\">\n                Najcz\u0119stsze b\u0142\u0119dy w mowie zale\u017cnej i jak ich unika\u0107            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u0142\u0119dy najcz\u0119\u015bciej wynikaj\u0105 z dos\u0142ownego t\u0142umaczenia zda\u0144 z j\u0119zyka polskiego i z niew\u0142a\u015bciwego wykorzystania czas\u00f3w gramatycznych. Sporo trudno\u015bci sprawia te\u017c zamiana zaimk\u00f3w i okre\u015ble\u0144 czasu. Wszystkiego da si\u0119 wyuczy\u0107. Po prostu jak najcz\u0119\u015bciej zamieniaj mow\u0119 niezale\u017cn\u0105 na zale\u017cn\u0105 i odwrotnie. Stosuj je w codziennych rozmowach, zasady zapisz na <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/fiszki-do-nauki-angielskiego\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">w\u0142asnor\u0119cznie przygotowanych fiszkach <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">albo <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/mapa-mysli\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stw\u00f3rz mapy my\u015bli<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Pomocne mog\u0105 by\u0107 te\u017c gry i aplikacje oraz interaktywne kursy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Umiej\u0119tno\u015b\u0107 pos\u0142ugiwania si\u0119 direct speech i reported speech pozwala nam przekazywa\u0107 informacje w r\u00f3\u017cny spos\u00f3b. Mo\u017cemy w\u00f3wczas zrelacjonowa\u0107 przebieg rozmowy i cytowa\u0107 czyje\u015b wypowiedzi. Jest to bardzo wa\u017cna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 gramatyki.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je\u015bli chcesz si\u0119 tego nauczy\u0107 szybko i skutecznie,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/registration\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zapraszamy do Novakid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Stawiamy tam na lekcje online prowadzone przez do\u015bwiadczonych native speaker\u00f3w. Uczymy poprzez zabaw\u0119, gry ruchowe, aplikacje i nie tylko. Nasi uczniowie zauwa\u017caj\u0105 pierwsze efekty ju\u017c po pierwszych lekcjach. Pierwsza lekcja jest darmowa, wi\u0119c mo\u017cna spokojnie sprawdzi\u0107, jak wygl\u0105daj\u0105 zaj\u0119cia i czy taka forma nauki Ci odpowiada.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_deccbf677a82214149038d10a6b497f7\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_deccbf677a82214149038d10a6b497f7\">\n                Mowa niezale\u017cna i mowa zale\u017cna \u2013 tabela por\u00f3wnawcza            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Poni\u017csza tabela pokazuje jak dzia\u0142a mowa niezale\u017cna i mowa zale\u017cna w j\u0119zyku angielskim.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Element zdania<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Direct speech \u2013 mowa niezale\u017cna<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Reported speech \u2013 mowa zale\u017cna<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Przyk\u0142ad transformacji<\/b><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spos\u00f3b zapisu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cytujemy dok\u0142adne s\u0142owa rozm\u00f3wcy. U\u017cywamy cudzys\u0142owu.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przekazujemy sens wypowiedzi w formie po\u015bredniej, bez cudzys\u0142owu.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI am tired.\u201d \u2192 She said that she was tired.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Budowa zdania<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zdanie w cudzys\u0142owie jest samodzieln\u0105 wypowiedzi\u0105.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wypowied\u017a staje si\u0119 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 wi\u0119kszego zdania i pojawia si\u0119 po that.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI work here.\u201d \u2192 He said that he worked there.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czas pozostaje taki jak w chwili wypowiedzi.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zmienia si\u0119 w Past Simple.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI work here.\u201d \u2192 She said that she worked there.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Continuous<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opisuje czynno\u015b\u0107 trwaj\u0105c\u0105 w chwili m\u00f3wienia.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zmienia si\u0119 w Past Continuous.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI am studying.\u201d \u2192 He said that he was studying.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Present Perfect<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Informuje o czynno\u015bci zako\u0144czonej z wp\u0142ywem na tera\u017aniejszo\u015b\u0107.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej przechodzi w Past Perfect.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI have lost my keys.\u201d \u2192 She said that she had lost her keys.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Past Simple<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opisuje wydarzenie z przesz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cz\u0119sto zmienia si\u0119 w Past Perfect.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI finished the report.\u201d \u2192 He said that he had finished the report.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Future Simple (will)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Opisuje przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 z perspektywy chwili wypowiedzi.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zmienia si\u0119 w would.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI will call you.\u201d \u2192 She said that she would call me.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zaimki<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do osoby m\u00f3wi\u0105cej.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zmieniamy je zgodnie z now\u0105 perspektyw\u0105.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI am tired.\u201d \u2192 She said that she was tired.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okre\u015blenia czasu<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odnosz\u0105 si\u0119 do chwili wypowiedzi.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zmieniamy je tak, aby pasowa\u0142y do kontekstu przekazywania informacji.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI will finish it tomorrow.\u201d \u2192 She said that she would finish it the next day.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okre\u015blenia miejsca<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00f3wi\u0105cy odnosi si\u0119 do miejsca, w kt\u00f3rym si\u0119 znajduje.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perspektywa miejsca mo\u017ce si\u0119 zmieni\u0107.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI like this place.\u201d \u2192 He said that he liked that place.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pytania<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zachowuj\u0105 szyk pytaj\u0105cy.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Szyk zdania staje si\u0119 oznajmuj\u0105cy.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked, \u201cWhere do you live?\u201d \u2192 She asked where I lived.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pytania yes \/ no<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pytanie zaczyna si\u0119 od operatora (do, is, are itp.).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pojawia si\u0119 if lub whether.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He asked, \u201cAre you ready?\u201d \u2192 He asked if I was ready.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polecenia i pro\u015bby<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polecenie jest samodzielnym zdaniem.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U\u017cywamy konstrukcji tell \/ ask + osoba + to + czasownik.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cHelp me.\u201d \u2192 She asked me to help her.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Czasowniki wprowadzaj\u0105ce<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej said przed cytatem.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">W mowie zale\u017cnej pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 said, told, asked oraz inne reporting verbs.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI am tired.\u201d \u2192 She told me that she was tired.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_7ea6cec2ca06cae75739ca976217ecb4\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_7ea6cec2ca06cae75739ca976217ecb4\">\n                \u0106wiczenia z mowy zale\u017cnej i niezale\u017cnej            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Przekszta\u0142\u0107 zdania z mowy niezale\u017cnej na mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said, \u201cI am busy.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI will call you tomorrow.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They said, \u201cWe are waiting.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked, \u201cDo you like coffee?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said, \u201cI have finished my work.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n    <section class=\"section blogAccordionQA\" id=\"blogAccordionQA-block_78960748763b3752439ea44e71774364\">\n        <div class=\"blogAccordionQA__wrapper\" >\n            <div class=\"blogAccordionQA__content\">\n                                                            <details class=\"blogAccordionQA__item\">\n                            <summary class=\"blogAccordionQA__itemTitle\">\n                                Odpowiedzi do \u0107wiczenia:                                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/faq-arrow.svg\" alt=\"Arrow icon\" class=\"style-svg blogAccordionQA__itemTitleIcon\">\n                            <\/summary>\n                            <div class=\"blogAccordionQA__itemContent\">\n                                <div class=\"blogAccordionQA__itemAnswer\">\n                                                                            <ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She said that she was busy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said that he would call me the next day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They said that they were waiting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She asked if I liked coffee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He said that he had finished his work.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/details>\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poznaj mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 i niezale\u017cn\u0105 w j\u0119zyku angielskim. Wszystko wyja\u015bnione w jednym miejscu. Sprawd\u017a zasady i przyk\u0142ady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":7701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gramatyka","category-podstawy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mowa zale\u017cna i niezale\u017cna w angielskim \u2013 zasady i przyk\u0142ady<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Poznaj mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 i niezale\u017cn\u0105 w j\u0119zyku angielskim. Wszystko wyja\u015bnione w jednym miejscu. 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Wszystko wyja\u015bnione w jednym miejscu. Sprawd\u017a zasady i przyk\u0142ady.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/pl\/blog\/mowa-zalezna-w-jezyku-angielskim\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mowa zale\u017cna i niezale\u017cna w angielskim \u2013 zasady i przyk\u0142ady","og_description":"Poznaj mow\u0119 zale\u017cn\u0105 i niezale\u017cn\u0105 w j\u0119zyku angielskim. Wszystko wyja\u015bnione w jednym miejscu. 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