{"id":1909,"date":"2025-09-25T14:04:46","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T13:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/?p=1909"},"modified":"2026-01-29T06:32:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T05:32:04","slug":"present-perfect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/present-perfect\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b &#8211; Jak a kdy ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt"},"content":{"rendered":"  <section class=\"section blogHeader\" id=\"blogHeader-block_6df3eb526285d01deb06e854f08ffe99\">\n      <div class=\"blogHeader__wrapper\">\n                              <div class=\"blogHeader__image\">\n              <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect.png\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect.png\" alt=\"P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b - Jak a kdy ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt\" class=\"blogHeader__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect-768x540.png 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect.png 1024w\" style=\"width:100%; aspect-ratio:1024\/720;\"> \n              <\/a>\n          <\/div>\n          \n      <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n      <section class=\"blogContentTable\" data-toc-section>\n        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__toggle\" \/>\n        <label for=\"blogTocToggle\" class=\"blogContentTable__header\">\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__heading\">\n                Obsah            <\/span>\n            <span class=\"blogContentTable__arrow\"><\/span>\n        <\/label>\n        <div class=\"blogContentTable__wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"blogContentTable__heading blogContentTable__heading--sidebar\">\n                Obsah            <\/div>\n            <ol class=\"blogContentTable__list\">\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Co je p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd angli\u010dtina: jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b tvo\u0159it?<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd angli\u010dtina: kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt?<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm a minul\u00fdm \u010dasem v angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das angli\u010dtina: jak se pt\u00e1t a odpov\u00eddat<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das angli\u010dtina: nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 aktivity pro d\u011bti<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Kv\u00edz a pracovn\u00ed listy<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"toc-item\">Angli\u010dtina p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das: shrnut\u00ed<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                            <\/ol>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <script>\n        \/\/ Use DOMContentLoaded for faster TOC initialization\n        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n            const tocSection = document.querySelector('[data-toc-section]');\n            if (!tocSection) return;\n\n            const headings = document.querySelectorAll('.blogHeadingText');\n            const tableContainer = tocSection.querySelector('.blogContentTable__list');\n            if (!tableContainer) return;\n\n            \/\/ Clear the container\n            tableContainer.innerHTML = '';\n\n            \/\/ Count valid headings with h2\n            let validHeadingsCount = 0;\n\n            \/\/ For each heading, create an item in the table of contents\n            headings.forEach((heading, index) => {\n                const h2 = heading.querySelector('h2');\n                if (!h2) return;\n\n                validHeadingsCount++;\n                const title = h2.textContent.trim();\n                const itemHtml = `<li><a href=\"#${heading.id}\">${title}<\/a><\/li>`;\n                tableContainer.innerHTML += itemHtml;\n            });\n\n            \/\/ Hide TOC if no valid headings found\n            if (validHeadingsCount === 0) {\n                tocSection.style.display = 'none';\n            }\n            \n            \/\/ Dispatch custom event to notify that TOC is ready\n            document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('tocReady'));\n        });\n    <\/script>\n  \n\n\n\n <section class=\"section blogTakeaways\" id=\"blogCrossPost-block_59712eb690a8f151edabaa0ab150f4a2\">\n    \n      <div class=\"blogTakeaways__wrapper\">\n\n          <div class=\"blogTakeaways__header\">\n            Takeaways          <\/div>\n          <ul class=\"blogTakeaways__content\">\n                          <li>\n                  \nP\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd angli\u010dtina se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed akc\u00ed z minulosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost.\n\n              <\/li>\n                          <li>\n                  \nTvorba p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu v angli\u010dtin\u011b zahrnuje pomocn\u00e9 sloveso \u2018have\/has\u2019 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho sloves.\n\n              <\/li>\n                          <li>\n                  \n\u010cast\u00e9 chyby zahrnuj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu anglicky s minul\u00fdmi \u010dasov\u00fdmi ur\u010den\u00edmi a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 tvary nepravideln\u00fdch sloves.\n\n              <\/li>\n                      <\/ul>\n\n\n      <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogText\" id=\"blogText-block_92112996de7e6fb2c36c8ef80d7390b4\">\n    <div class=\"blogText__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"blogText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, co je p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b a jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat? Tento \u010das vyjad\u0159uje minul\u00fd d\u011bj s dopadem na p\u0159\u00edtomnost. V na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku se nau\u010d\u00edte, jak ho tvo\u0159it a kdy jej pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chcete, aby se va\u0161e d\u011bti u\u010dily angli\u010dtinu snadno a z\u00e1bavn\u011b? Vyzkou\u0161ejte <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/category\/zabavna-anglictina\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bezplatnou lekci Novakid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a osvoj\u00ed si i p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das anglicky hravou formou!<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_054cc94fc613f9571cf9c3c5fa6d4382\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_054cc94fc613f9571cf9c3c5fa6d4382\">\n                Co je p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b je gramatick\u00e1 forma, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bj\u016f za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch v minulosti a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Tento \u010das odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bco, co se stalo v minulosti, m\u00e1 vliv na sou\u010dasnou situaci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bta \u201cI have finished my homework\u201d znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fakol byl dokon\u010den v minulosti, ale jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost &#8211; nyn\u00ed je \u00fakol hotov\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b pro \u010desk\u00e9 studenty n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, je jeho absence v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me minul\u00fd a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das, ale p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das nem\u00e1me. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k chyb\u00e1m a nejasnostem p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu v angli\u010dtin\u011b i v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. S kvalitn\u00edm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm a dostate\u010dnou prax\u00ed se v\u0161ak d\u00e1 tento \u010das zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u016fraz v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m je \u010dasto kladen na v\u00fdsledek aktivity, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na samotn\u00fd d\u011bj. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bta \u201cI have lost my keys\u201d zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010de jsou nyn\u00ed ztraceny, co\u017e m\u00e1 vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b bychom pou\u017eili minul\u00fd \u010das nebo p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das, aby se tento v\u00fdznam vyj\u00e1d\u0159il.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_5720e9cc7be81845991cf84ce861e164\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_5720e9cc7be81845991cf84ce861e164\">\n                P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd angli\u010dtina: jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b tvo\u0159it?            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tvorba p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho v angli\u010dtin\u011b je velmi specifick\u00e1. Tento \u010das se tvo\u0159\u00ed kombinac\u00ed pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa \u2018have\u2019 nebo \u2018has\u2019 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u011bta \u201cI have finished my homework\u201d ukazuje pou\u017eit\u00ed slovesa \u2018have\u2019 a p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed \u2018finished\u2019. He has tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v t\u00e9to struktu\u0159e. P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako present perfect, se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed akc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U pravideln\u00fdch sloves se p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm koncovky \u2018-ed\u2019. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u2018work\u2019 (pracovat) se v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u2018worked\u2019 (pracoval jsem). U nepravideln\u00fdch sloves je situace slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee tato slovesa maj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 tvary, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba se nau\u010dit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u2018go\u2019 (j\u00edt) se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u2018gone\u2019 (\u0161el jsem), nebo \u2018buy\u2019 (koupit) se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u2018bought\u2019 (koupil jsem).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed jsem si uvedeme n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f v\u011bt v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m v angli\u010dtin\u011b:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI have finished my homework\u201d (Dokon\u010dil jsem sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe have bought a new car\u201d (Koupili jsme nov\u00e9 auto)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cShe has visited Paris\u201d (Nav\u0161t\u00edvila Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017eeme l\u00e9pe pochopit, jak p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b funguje a jak ho spr\u00e1vn\u011b tvo\u0159it.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogImage\" id=\"blogImage-block_ad4b0422607da89e3664534c7c1d5ffe\">\n    <div class=\"blogImage__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogImage__image\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1.jpg\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"blogImage__imageItem blogImage__imageItem--noCrop\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1-1080x540.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect1.jpg 1200w\" >\n                <div class=\"glightbox__zoom\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/search.svg\" alt=\"Zoom icon\" class=\"style-svg\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_ca6c39814aec3eaf1a5efe72e66b9105\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_ca6c39814aec3eaf1a5efe72e66b9105\">\n                P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd angli\u010dtina: kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edt?            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho v angli\u010dtin\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 situace. Tento \u010das se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k popisu \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed bez ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cI have been to London\u201d (Byl jsem v Lond\u00fdn\u011b), ani\u017e bychom specifikovali, kdy p\u0159esn\u011b se to stalo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed situac\u00ed, kdy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b, je popis zm\u011bn nebo ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na sou\u010dasnost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cShe has lost her keys\u201d (Ztratila kl\u00ed\u010de), co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010de jsou nyn\u00ed ztracen\u00e9 a m\u00e1 to vliv na sou\u010dasnou situaci. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee tento \u010das se nevztahuje na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed okam\u017eik v minulosti, ale na zm\u011bnu, kter\u00e1 se stala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd se v angli\u010dtin\u011b tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cI have just finished my homework\u201d (Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem dokon\u010dil sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol). T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed stav, kter\u00fd vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 akce.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_281a65e2e41d7b0dcf78110f72855c86\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_281a65e2e41d7b0dcf78110f72855c86\">\n                Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm a minul\u00fdm \u010dasem v angli\u010dtin\u011b            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm v angli\u010dtin\u011b a minul\u00fdm \u010dasem je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obou t\u011bchto \u010das\u016f. Minul\u00fd \u010das se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1ly a skon\u010dily v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku v minulosti, zat\u00edmco p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das ukazuje na akce, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vazbu na p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo nejsou dokon\u010deny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad: v\u011bta \u201cI have seen that movie\u201d (Vid\u011bl jsem ten film) v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tato zku\u0161enost m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd vliv na p\u0159\u00edtomnost. Naopak v\u011bta \u201cI was in that movie last year\u201d (Vid\u011bl jsem ten film minul\u00fd rok) v minul\u00e9m \u010dase jasn\u011b ur\u010duje, kdy se akce stala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edslovce jako \u2018dosud\u2019, \u2018u\u017e\u2019, nebo \u2018nikdy\u2019, zat\u00edmco v minul\u00e9m \u010dase se objevuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako \u2018v\u010dera\u2019, \u2018minul\u00fd t\u00fdden\u2019 nebo \u2018minul\u00e9 p\u0159ed rokem\u2019, co\u017e za\u010daly v minulosti a nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou, yet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jednou z \u010dast\u00fdch chyb je pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch s \u010dasov\u00fdmi ur\u010den\u00edmi jasn\u011b vztahuj\u00edc\u00edmi se k minulosti, jako jsou \u2018yesterday\u2019 nebo \u2018last year\u2019. P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das nelze pou\u017e\u00edt, pokud v\u011bta obsahuje p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed \u010dasu, kter\u00e9 se vztahuje k minulosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat mezi t\u011bmito \u010dasy a pou\u017e\u00edvat je spr\u00e1vn\u011b v kontextu.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_209b8bd53a68b0e5dcec432c566157f6\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_209b8bd53a68b0e5dcec432c566157f6\">\n                P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das angli\u010dtina: jak se pt\u00e1t a odpov\u00eddat            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pt\u00e1t se a odpov\u00eddat v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase v angli\u010dtin\u011b je specifick\u00e9 a vy\u017eaduje znalost spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 struktury. Ot\u00e1zky se tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa \u2018have\u2019 nebo \u2018has\u2019 p\u0159ed podm\u011bt. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cHave you ever been to Paris?\u201d (Byl jsi n\u011bkdy v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei?). P\u0159i tvorb\u011b ot\u00e1zek je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt spr\u00e1vn\u00fd tvar minul\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed v\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase v angli\u010dtin\u011b \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zkr\u00e1cenou formu pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cYes, I\u2019ve been to Paris.\u201d (Ano, byl jsem v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei) nebo \u201cNo, I haven\u2019t been to Paris.\u201d (Ne, i haven\u2019t byl jsem v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei). V odpov\u011bd\u00edch je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159it se na souvislost s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed, co\u017e je podstatou pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogImage\" id=\"blogImage-block_fdfa45d13915faa53a3323cefc616a52\">\n    <div class=\"blogImage__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogImage__image\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2.jpg\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"blogImage__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2-1024x529.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2-768x397.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2-1080x558.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect2.jpg 1200w\" >\n                <div class=\"glightbox__zoom\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/search.svg\" alt=\"Zoom icon\" class=\"style-svg\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogText\" id=\"blogText-block_9239f2d113bfedfed68430d9a57d1408\">\n    <div class=\"blogText__wrapper\">\n        <div class=\"blogText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak\u00e9 sloveso n\u00e1sleduje po pomocn\u00e9m \u2018have\/has\u2019 v ot\u00e1zce? Odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: V\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso ve tvaru p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cHas he finished his homework?\u201d (Dokon\u010dil sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakol?). T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi v p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase st\u00e1vaj\u00ed jasn\u00fdmi a srozumiteln\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogImage\" id=\"blogImage-block_c75e1d446b48d75bd544534d323e5ce0\">\n    <div class=\"blogImage__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogImage__image\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3.jpg\" class=\"glightbox\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"blogImage__imageItem\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3-1024x486.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3-768x365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3-1080x513.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Present-Perfect3.jpg 1200w\" >\n                <div class=\"glightbox__zoom\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/novakid\/public\/img\/icons\/search.svg\" alt=\"Zoom icon\" class=\"style-svg\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_fbe93ba93af4dcee284a00c76e0373cb\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_fbe93ba93af4dcee284a00c76e0373cb\">\n                P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das angli\u010dtina: nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed chyby            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro studenty n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e vede k \u010dast\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m. Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chyb je pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu s \u010dasov\u00fdmi ur\u010den\u00edmi, kter\u00e9 jasn\u011b odkazuj\u00ed na minulost, jako jsou \u2018yesterday\u2019 nebo \u2018last year\u2019. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cI have seen that movie yesterday\u201d je nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, spr\u00e1vn\u011b by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u201cI saw that movie yesterday\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dastou chybou je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed tvaru p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: m\u00edsto \u201cI have went\u201d by m\u011blo b\u00fdt \u201cI have gone\u201d. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se nau\u010dit spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 tvary nepravideln\u00fdch sloves, aby se t\u011bmto chyb\u00e1m p\u0159ede\u0161lo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kv\u00edzy a pracovn\u00ed listy mohou b\u00fdt skv\u011bl\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem k identifikaci a oprav\u011b t\u011bchto chyb. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed student\u016fm procvi\u010dovat p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a vyvarovat se b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chyb. Poskytneme n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f \u00faloh, kter\u00e9 mohou pomoci p\u0159i procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a upevn\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto \u010dasu.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_6ae2e3466e3b1564b16d2ae1c7fbba19\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_6ae2e3466e3b1564b16d2ae1c7fbba19\">\n                Z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 aktivity pro d\u011bti            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nudn\u00e9. Existuje mnoho z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch aktivit, kter\u00e9 mohou d\u011btem pomoci l\u00e9pe pochopit a procvi\u010dit p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das anglicky. Jednou z obl\u00edben\u00fdch her je \u2018Simon Says\u2019, kter\u00e1 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 d\u011btem porozum\u011bt mluven\u00e9mu slovu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 procvi\u010duje anglickou gramatiku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed skv\u011blou aktivitou je karetn\u00ed hra \u2018Read and Action!\u2019, kter\u00e1 podporuje \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u011bti nut\u00ed k fyzick\u00e9mu p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159e\u010dten\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/didakticke-hry-vyborne-slouzi-k-uceni-anglictiny\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tyto hry<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> jsou nejen z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed, a pom\u00e1haj\u00ed d\u011btem zapamatovat si gramatiku z\u00e1bavnou formou.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_63dcbbeaa2bc3a3bdd3e9bc1b1694755\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_63dcbbeaa2bc3a3bdd3e9bc1b1694755\">\n                Kv\u00edz a pracovn\u00ed listy            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kv\u00edzy a pracovn\u00ed listy jsou v\u00fdborn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak ji\u017e procvi\u010dit p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das anglicky a ov\u011b\u0159it si, zda d\u011bti l\u00e1tku spr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopily. Tyto materi\u00e1ly \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed \u00falohy jako dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed textu, skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt nebo rozhodova\u010dky, kde studenti mus\u00ed vybrat spr\u00e1vn\u00fd tvar slovesa ve v\u011bt\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00faloha m\u016f\u017ee vypadat takto: \u201cI <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">_<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (finish) my homework.\u201d Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f je \u201chave finished\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pracovn\u00ed listy jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00farovn\u00edm znalost\u00ed, tak\u017ee je mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat jak za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci, tak pokro\u010dil\u00ed studenti. Rodi\u010de mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt odpov\u011bdi k pracovn\u00edm list\u016fm, aby pomohli d\u011btem korigovat chyby a l\u00e9pe pochopit, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \u201cShe <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">_<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (be) to New York.\u201d Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f je \u201chas been\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <section class=\"section blogHeadingText\" id=\"blogHeadingText-block_c4d2b331bd9229c7c19c72004135134b\">\n    <div class=\"blogHeadingText__wrapper\" >\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__heading\">\n            <h2 class=\"blogHeadingText__headingItem\" data-blog-heading data-section-id=\"blogHeadingText-block_c4d2b331bd9229c7c19c72004135134b\">\n                Angli\u010dtina p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das: shrnut\u00ed            <\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"blogHeadingText__content\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro plynulou a p\u0159esnou komunikaci v angli\u010dtin\u011b. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u00e1m poskytl detailn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce, jak tento \u010das tvo\u0159it, kdy ho pou\u017e\u00edvat a jak se vyvarovat b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chyb. Uvedli jsme tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch aktivit a kv\u00edz\u016f, kter\u00e9 pomohou d\u011btem procvi\u010dit tento \u010das z\u00e1bavnou formou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Douf\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u00e1m tento pr\u016fvodce pomohl l\u00e9pe pochopit p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a \u017ee nyn\u00ed m\u00e1te ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k tomu, abyste ho mohli efektivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat v praxi. Pokra\u010dujte v procvi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a nebojte se d\u011blat chyby \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b ty n\u00e1s posouvaj\u00ed vp\u0159ed. A\u0165 se v\u00e1m da\u0159\u00ed!<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00fd jednodu\u0161e. Nau\u010dte se jeho tvary, pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt. Objevte, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casy","category-snadna-gramatika"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b: pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00fd jednodu\u0161e. Nau\u010dte se jeho tvary, pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt. Objevte, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd v angli\u010dtin\u011b.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.novakidschool.com\/cs\/blog\/present-perfect\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b: pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das v angli\u010dtin\u011b vysv\u011btlen\u00fd jednodu\u0161e. Nau\u010dte se jeho tvary, pou\u017eit\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt. 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